Symptoms
There are a wide variety of symptoms for AF, and some patients may not even notice their symptoms and may not be aware of their condition. Generally, when AF occurs in younger, healthy males, the symptoms and arrhythmia are much more mild. However, the most common symptom is a rapid, fluttering heartbeat. Here is a list of the most common symptoms of AF:
Fatigue
Lightheadedness
Weakness
Reduced exercise capacity
Increased nighttime urination
Confusion
Chest pain
The overwhelming majority of these issues are caused by a reduced blood supply to the brain due to the inefficiency of the atria. In addition, because of the poor blood flow, fluid can build up in both the lungs and the legs.
Some of these symptoms come and go, and some may be permanent. This depends of the type of AF the patient has. There are two main ways to categorize atrial fibrillation, the first method depends on whether the disorder originates in the sinoatrial node, in which case is called primary AF, or if it is a result of an underlying, non-cardiac issue, in which case it is called secondary AF.
The second method of classification is a bit more complicated. It breaks down into three categories as follows:
Occasional (paroxysmal) - this is the most mild category. The symptoms are minor, and last either a few minutes or a few hours, and resolve themselves.
Persistent - significantly more serious, persistent AF lasts for at least several days. The longer the symptoms last, the harder it is to return the SA node to it's normal rhythm.
Permanent - this is the most serious case, and is life-threatening if left untreated. In this case, the AF cannot be completely cured, Medication is prescribed to maintain a constant rate, and blood thinners are often prescribed to prevent clotting in the heart.
Diagnosis
The first step in AF diagnostic is when either the patient or a physician notices an irregular heartbeat, or a flutter. If an irregular heartbeat is detected, a physician will usually review your medical history for other possibly related disorders or issues, and may ask the patient about their family's medical history, including cases of AF. The next step is to conduct a test or two.
Basic Testing
A couple of tests can be performed over a short period of time at the hospital. The first is basic bloodwork. The doctor will review the results to determine if thyroid problems or other substances causing the irregular timing. The second is a stress test, which is simply monitoring your heart while exercising to see if there are any AV blocking agents that are released during exertion.
Electrocardiography
Basic Testing
A couple of tests can be performed over a short period of time at the hospital. The first is basic bloodwork. The doctor will review the results to determine if thyroid problems or other substances causing the irregular timing. The second is a stress test, which is simply monitoring your heart while exercising to see if there are any AV blocking agents that are released during exertion.
Electrocardiography
While there are many tests to diagnose AF, and ECG is often the benchmark diagnostic tool for heart rhythm issues. With and ECG, the physician will easily be able to view the rhythm of the atria and make a competent decision. However, if the patient has paroxysmal AF, the patient may not be showing any signs or symptoms at the time of the visit, and may have to take home a device to monitor their heart. These are either 24 hour monitors, or may even need to be worn for a week or more. Typically, the ECG is enough for diagnosis of typical cases. However, further testing is occasionally required.
Chest X-ray
The chest x-ray is an unusual test for AF, in that it's only used when physicians suspect that the condition is of pulmonary origin, or if other heart problems may be present. The x-ray will give physicians a clear view of the entire thoracic cavity will will allow them to see everything at once.
Chest X-ray
The chest x-ray is an unusual test for AF, in that it's only used when physicians suspect that the condition is of pulmonary origin, or if other heart problems may be present. The x-ray will give physicians a clear view of the entire thoracic cavity will will allow them to see everything at once.
The next and final lesson will cover management and treatment.
